Device for casting



G. A. RUBISSOW DEVICE FOR CASTINGS 2 She'ets-Sheet 1 March 15, 1949.

Filed July 28, 1945 1NVENTOR.

March 15, 1949. G, A, RUBlVSsOW 2,464,721

DEVICE FOR CASTINGS Filed July 28, 1.945 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 fwamum Flug/Zm- Patented Mar. 15, 1949 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE DEVICE FOR CASTING George A. Rubissow, New York, N. Y. Application July 28, 1945, Serial No. 607,628

(Cl. 11i-26) 5 Claims.

This invention is a continuation in part of the pending United States patent application, Serial No. 584,908, filed March 26, 1945, for Method of and apparatus for casting, and also of the pending United States patent application, Serial No. 589,222, led April 19, 1945, now Patent No. 2,442,- 550, for Method of and apparatus for casting and products so obtained.

This invention comprises a new device for subjecting molds iilled with molten materials to a forced pendular (forced oscillatory) movement. 'I'he molten material may be poured into the molds before or during the forced pendular movements.

This invention is particularly, but not limited to the adaptation for castings in molds of any kind of iron-carbon alloys (steel castings), light metal alloys (aluminum, magnesium, etc), copper containing alloys, glass, fusible plastics, and in general any fusible material which maybe poured in its molten state in molds, and cast therein.

Centrifugal and gyrocasting methods to cast are well-known, and particularly Well described in my United States issued Patents #2,208,230, #2,222,266 and #2,325,019, and in the following United States pending patent applications- Serial Nos. 497,658, 501,360, 502,778, now all abandoned, 501,944 now abandoned, 509,036, now Patent No. 2,428,434, 510,621 now abandoned, 518,865 now abandoned,y 518,866 now abandoned, 518,999 now abandoned, 519,538 now abandoned, 525,028

now abandoned, 535,314, 535,475 now abandoned,

537,916 now abandoned, 539,517 now abandoned, 541,488 now Patent No. 2,417,663, 541,953 now Patent No. 2,433,065, 545,861 now abandoned, 546,304 now abandoned, 546,305 now abandoned, 547,307 now abandoned, 547,800 now abandoned, 548,845 now abandoned, 553,403, 553,402 now abandoned, 555,885 now abandoned, 557,768 now abandoned and 569,113.

In the pendulum method of casting and means, as described in my United States patent applications, Serial Nos, 584,908 and 589,222, (of which this invention is a continuation in part), the molds with the molten material contained therein, are subjected to a pendulum movement, solidify or partly solidify while under the iniiuence of such movements. As stated in the specifications of these two abovementioned patent applications, the pendulum movements may be caused by suitable motor-driven or other mechanical means, thus providing a forced pendulum movement.

. This present invention is a new improvement in-l the means to create such forced pendulum movements.

This invention Will be more clearly understood by the following description of the iigures, which do not limit the invention thereto, but describe some of the preferred embodiments only.

Like references Will be used throughout this application to designate like characters.

In the figures:

Fig. 1 represents a simplified dagrammatical cross-sectional side View 2-2, with parts broken out, of the embodiment of a forced pendulum.

Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional side view of Fig. 1 along the symmetry axis X-X, with parts broken out.

Fig. 3 represents a schematic side view in cross section, with parts broken out, of a pouring gate for the mold.

Figs. 4, and 5 represent diagrammatical side views of other embodiments of this invention.

Fig. 6 represents a simplified schematic side view, with parts broken out, of another embodiment of this invention.

Fig. 7 is a simplified side view, with parts broken away, of a cam-roller groove arrangement for a forced pendulum device.

In Figs. 1 and 2, the forced pendulum apparatus comprises 4a crankshaft I0, having its main shaft I I driven by a motor of any kind, including gas motor, electric motor, pneumatic or hydraulic motor, spring motor, etc., not shown in drawing, it being self evident.

A frame I2 is rigid with the floor and supports the shaft II if desired, through suitable bearings I3. A clutch lli (a disk clutch, hydraulic, electric clutch, or any other clutch) may be provided between the motor-driven shaft IIA and the shaft The clutch may be operated by a handle or shaft key I5. If desired, a speed-gear box I6 with a plurality of gear combinations or a hydraulically operated speed-box may be used. The speeds may be controlled by a handle I'I.

The crank pins I8 transmit through one or more crankthrows I9 and one or more connecting rods 20 the crankshaft movements to the pendulum arm 2I through the intermediary of crank pin 22. The pendulum arm 2| pivoted on a pendulumarm-axle 23, mounted on a frame 24-25 being rigid with the iioor. The bottom end 26 of the pivoting arm 2I is provided with one or more mold-receivers 2I in which one or more suitable molds 28 are removably mounted. The mold 28 may be mounted or carried in suitable mold casing or mold yWrapping 29. The mold may have suitable pouring gates and/or risers, air-vents,

etc. of any kind or form, for instance, a pouring gate may have tapering step-by-step gate 3|-32 (Figs. 1 and 2) or a aring step-by-step gate 33-34-35 (Fig. 3). The pouring gates may be made as a part of or as an addition to the mold, and they may be of a suitable height 36 (Fig. 3) and may be mounted in a prefabricated gate-casing 31 screwed in or otherwise attached to the mold 37 or the mold casing 38.

When air-vents 44, or riser 45, are used in combination with the gate 33-34-35, as shown in Fig. 3, the riser and/or air-vents should preferably be of at least the same height as the height 36 of the gate.

The pouring gate having a suitable access heights 36 (Fig. 3) and/ or having a suitable shape and form such as (for examplenonly) a tapering one or a haring one, or a combination thereof,

may be advantageously used for either increasing the pressure of the fluid material or absorbing a part of undesirable skidding-of material on the top and near the top of the pouring gate.

Air-vent 41 or riser 46 whenused with mold48 (Fig. 1) will permit the air trapped by the molten material in mold cavities49-50 to escape through them, and therefore the molten material will ll same, thus serving a signal that the mold is effectively well filled with the material.

The operation of this device is simple: the molten material is poured into the mold, and then the crank shaft I 9 is rotated. Thus, the connecting rod 20 forciblypivots the pendulum arm 2|-26 and mold 28 around the axle 23, and such forced pendulum pivoting being conformed to the characteristics of the crankshaft, i. e., be- I ing conformed to the relative chosen lengthfof crankthrows of connecting rods and the distance between the axis 39 of the crank pin 22, and the axis of the axle 23, and the pendlum length from the axis 40 to the true center of pendulum `gyration 4| and the distance from this center 4| to the center of grooving4-2 of the mold 48, or to the bottom of the mold `43.

The forced pendulum thus obtained will produce a rapid forced pendulum-like-movement of a predetermined specific characteristic commanded by the above given characteristics controlling the dimensions and relationships of the elements lcomposing suchla device.

An additional advantage of this device cornprises the fact that theoscillation period may be commanded by the chosen R. --P. M. of the crankshaft I I; i. e., it may be made slow, medium, fast and very fast, and super-fast.

',Ihe method of casting `which this device imposes and commands comprises forcing of the molten material to undergo a forced ypendulum action of this particular type (as predetermined vby the above given characteristics of crankshaft, of pendulum arm, of mold, ,etc.). This invention `thus provides a new device and also a new method commanded by and entirely dependent on such new device.

In Fig. 4 is shown diagrammatically a device having a crankshaft 6|, crankthrow 62, connect- .ing rod 64, connection-rod-pin 03, connecting rod-pendulum pin 65, pendulum arm 66, pendulum axle 6, mold-casing 68A. By way of example only. the crankshaft 6| and the pendulum axle f6? are situated on thesameaxis 68-58 while the crankthrow 62 and the pendulum arm 66 `make a. 90 angle with it. The crankthrows 62 have a smaller radius than the radius of the distance between pin 65 and axle 6,1. :Such an arrangement provides a swing-angle fofX .and ethelacthe connecting rodsv SII- 95.

celeration and deacceleration of the forced-pendulum movement of the mold casing 68A into the positions GBAA-GBAA is commanded by the choice of lengths of elements comprising this device according to Fig. 5.

In Fig. 5 is shown diagrammatically in side view a pendulum having parallel pendulum-arms 69-10 pivoted around axles 1| and 12. The bottom plate 13 is pivotally mounted on pins 14 and 15. The distance between 14 and 15 is the same as the distance between 1| and 12. The distance 12-15 may be the same as 1| and 14. The upper part of the pendulum-arm 16-11 is provided lwith pivots or pins 'IS- 1Q interconnected in between with a member which is operatively and pivotally-interconnected through pivot 84 with the free endof a connection rod 3| mounted pivotally on the crankthrows 82 of the crankshaft 83. When the crankshaft is rotated the pendulum arms swing, as shown in dotted line, and the mold casing 85 rigidly attached to the bottom plate 13 thus swings also into position 13A, re-

maining parallel to original position 13.

The mold 86 may be provided with special high pouring .gate-'81 having a pouring-gate-storage room 8B near its top 89 to absorb the pulsation of the molten material or metal during forced pendulum action. Such a parallel-forced pendulum device may have two pendulum arms (6g-16) and (I0-J1) or more, for instance, three or four, etc.

In Fig. 6 is shown insimplied form such a four-pendulum arm forced-parallel-pendulum having a crankshaft 90 mounted on sup-ports |03-|03, crankthrows 8 I and 92, a member 93 intermeshing them and serving as a connectingrod-pin for connecting-rods 04 and 95 mounted thereon.

The pendulum-arms 96-91 and 98-99 are mounted on axles |00|0| which are mounted in a support |02. The free ends Imi-|06 of the pendulum arms are mounted through the intermediary of pivots or axles |08 on the free end of If four pendulum arms are used, then their ends |04, |05, |66 and |01 have to be interconnected pivotally in between them through a plate the same as 8,0 for Fig. 6.

The forced-pendulum movements of the mold as herein described Land illustrated were 'caused by use of a crankshaft. Instead of using the crankshaft other devices may be used according to this invention for obtaining a forced-pendulum movement. In particular, a cam pivoted with a =rol1er on its `Contact surface may be used, while engaging with said roller, the sides of a groove Ior of aslot cut out in the pendulum arm, and thus forcing it -to pivot around the pendulum arm- Yaxle, which vis mounted eccentrically to it. This structure is shown in Fig. '1 by way of example.

In Fig. 7 the pendulum-arm |20 is provided with a groove |2' which has two walls |21A and `|2'IB. 'This arm is pivoted on a shaft I 2| mounted in a support (not shown in the drawing) preferably through the intermediary of a roller bearing, or another bearing |22. A shaft |23, which may be a crankshaft, or another driven shaft with a crankthrow, or a cam |24, is mounted as shown in Fig. 8, and maybe provided with ,a roller |26 mountedpreferably through a bearing, such as ball or needle bearing, on an axle |25, lwhich .axle is mounted or rigid 4with the crank- .throw |24 for with the cam |24. When the shaft |23 rotates `the roller |26 operatively engages'the .groove .|21 and causes the -forced pivotingofthe pendulum arm [20 around the axle |2I, taking for instance the position I2DA for the top end of the pendulum, and 126A for the roller |26. The mold which is attached to the lower part of the pendulum arm is not shown, this being self evident.

From the foregoing description of certain embodiments of this invention it should be evident to those skilled in the art that various further changes and modifications might be made without departing from the spirit or scope of this invention.

I claim:

1. A combination of a connecting rod of a crankshaft mounted on a frame and rotated by a motor with a pendulum-arm mounted pivotally on a shaft mounted on a support, molds for casting therein of molten material, at least one receptacle for said molds mounted rigidly on said pendulum arm, an interconnecting means operatively interconnecting said connecting rod with said pendulum arm, whereby when said crankshaft is rotated by said motor said molds are forcibly subjected to a to-and-fro pendulum-like swinging movement in respect to said shaft.

2. A device for forced pendulum like casting comprising a support, a rst shaft mounted on said support, a crankthrow mounted on said shaft, a crank-pin mounted on said crankthrow, a second shaft mounted on a support, a pendulum arm pivotally mounted on the second shaft, a groove provided in said pendulum arm an axle mounted thereon said roller lying in said groove and laying in said groove and movable to-and-fro therein, a connecting rod pivotally mounted on said crank-pin by its one end, and by its other end on said axle, a mold receiving means rigidly attached to said pendulum arm said axle being rigid with said connecting rod.

3. A device for forced pendulum like casting comprising a support, a first shaft mounted cn said support, a crankthrow mounted on said shaft, a crank-pin mounted on said crankthrow a second shaft mounted on a support, a pendulum arm pivotally mounted on the second shaft, a groove provided in said pendulum arm an axle mounted thereon said roller lying in said groove and laying in said groove and movable to-and-fro therein, a connecting rod pivotally mounted on said crank-pin by its one end, and by its other end on said axle, a mold receiving means rigidly attached to said pendulum arms said axle being rigid with said connecting rod, the axis of said first shaft being eccentric in regard to the axis of said second shaft.

4. A device for forced pendulum-like casting of molten material in molds comprising a support, a rst shaft mounted on said support, a crankthrow mounted on said first shaft, a crankpin mounted on said crankthrow, a second shaft mounted on a support, a pendulum-arm pivotally mounted on said second shaft, a connecting rod pivotally mounted by its one end on said crankpin, and by its other end pivotally mounted on an axle mounted on said pendulum arm, a receptacle for said molds rigidly mounted on said pivoting-arm, whereby when said first shaft is rotated said molds are subjected to forced pendulum-like to-and-fro movement in respect to said second shaft.

5. A forced pendulum like device for casting of molten material in molds, comprising a support, a rst shaft mounted on said support, a crankthrow mounted on said first shaft, a crank-pin mounted on said crankthrow, at least two of parallel one to another pendulum-arms of same length, mounted respectively on two second shafts parallel one to another and lying a same horizontal plane, and mounted on a support, a bottom plate mounted pivotally on at least two pivotaxles, lying in a same plane and parallel one to another and parallel to said first shafts, a receptacle for said molds mounted rigidly on said bottom plate, a connecting rod, pivotally mounted by its one end on said crank-pin, and by its other end pivotally mounted on a bearing means, mounted on an axle, rigidly mounted on at least one of said pendulum-arms, said axle being parallel to said first shaft, and eccentric to it.

GEORGE A. RUBISSOW.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,432,853 Hanson Oct. 24, 1922 1,541,831 Linder June 16, 1925 1,647,024 Shutt Oct. 25, 1927 1,732,475 Kenyon Oct. 22, 1929 2,325,019 Rubissow July 20, 1943 

